Compressiceps Cichlid (Altolamprologus)

Geographic Origin and Biotope: Endemic to Lake Tanganyika (East Africa). Exclusively populates the shallow rocky coastline, living perpetually wedged in narrow rock crevices where pelagic predators cannot reach.

Taxonomy and Morphology: Compressiceps Cichlid (Altolamprologus compressiceps). Incredible evolutionary form: laterally compressed body beyond belief ("thin as a blade") to squeeze into crevices. Massive head and thick fins for perfect anchoring among the stones.

Social Behavior: Very slow, measured and cryptic. "Ambush" predator and thief of eggs or larvae. Stares at the potential prey positioning its body with bizarre angular inclinations (often tilted head down) before launching a very rapid attack.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Brownish, golden or rust base color (depending on the geographical variety), marked by wide dark vertical bands (stripes) and elegant dotting on the fins. Adult males significantly larger (up to 15 cm / 6 inches) than females (10 cm / 4 inches).

Aquarium Setup: A lithophilic setup (Tanganyika biotope) is imperative. Many smooth rocks and overlapping slabs to form very deep and dark crevices. Coral sand or aragonite bottom to act as an alkaline buffer.

Diet and Feeding: Pure micro-predator. Enormously appreciates brine shrimp nauplii, mysis, krill and mosquito larvae (glassworms). Accepts protein pellets but dry feeding must always be accompanied by live or top-quality frozen food.

Water Quality: Mandatory Lake Tanganyika parameters: crystal clear, hard water (GH 10-20), intensely alkaline (pH 8.0-9.0). A sudden drop in pH is intolerable and can be fatal.

Compatibility and Tankmates: It is not quarrelsome. Golden match with peaceful "Rock-dwellers" Tanganyika Cichlids (Julidochromis, Neolamprologus) or pelagic ones (Cyprichromis). Will devour any tiny crustacean (Neocaridina) or very small fry. Do not keep with furious Mbuna.

Aquarium Reproduction: Closed cave spawners. The female finds a crevice where the (larger) male cannot enter. She lays eggs there, and the male fertilizes the entrance by dispersing sperm outside. She will care for the young inside for weeks.

Risks and Diseases: Unscratchable fish ("armored") to superficial wounds, but very subject to intestinal blockage or internal parasitosis (Bloat) if fed improperly. Vulnerable to sudden water changes.