Amazon Cichlasoma (Cichlasoma amazonarum)

Geographic Origin and Biotope: Wide range in the Amazon basin (Brazil, Peru, Colombia). Populates marginal lagoons, oxbow lakes, small streams and flooded areas with thick riparian vegetation or intertwined roots.

Taxonomy and Morphology: Amazon Cichlid (Cichlasoma amazonarum). Medium-sized South American cichlid, belonging to the "true" Cichlasoma genus (now very reduced). Reaches 12-15 cm (5-6 inches). High and compressed body.

Social Behavior: Relatively peaceful, but with typical cichlid territoriality. Outside the breeding season it is tolerant and spends time inspecting the bottom looking for food. Very protective during spawning.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Variable coloration from gray/olive green to brown, with several dark spots on the flanks. Often show bluish or greenish iridescence on the cheeks and fins. Mature males with more pointed fins and a slight nuchal thickening.

Aquarium Setup: Aquarium of at least 100 cm (40 inches). Setup rich in natural visual barriers: intricate bog roots, sunken wood, smooth rocks and dry leaves on the bottom to simulate its forest environment.

Diet and Feeding: Micro-predator and omnivorous detritivore. Sifts the bottom, and needs a varied diet: quality sinking granules, plant food, frozen bloodworms and brine shrimp, chopped earthworms.

Water Quality: Tolerates a good range of values, but thrives in soft and slightly acidic waters (pH 6.0-7.0) typical of the Amazon biotope, enriched with tannin extracts. Sensitive to ammonia.

Compatibility and Tankmates: Good community fish for medium or large South American aquariums. Coexists with large characins (Bleeding Heart Tetras), armored Corydoras, peaceful Loricariids or small Heros.

Aquarium Reproduction: Open substrate spawners (flat rocks or clean wood). Frequent reproduction if well fed and if pairs form spontaneously from a juvenile group. The pair fiercely defends fry and territory.

Risks and Diseases: Very adaptable and hardy fish, pathologies arise only if placed in undersized aquariums with overly aggressive tankmates (such as large Central American Cichlids) that force it into perennial stress.