Species description

Care, breeding and tankmates

Fish profile

Temperament

Semi-aggressive

They are spirited, active, and highly territorial cichlids. While they possess a stunning yellow coloration, they also possess a classic cichlid attitude. They are devoted parents but become hyper-aggressive when breeding, attacking fish much larger than themselves to protect their fry. They are an excellent, characterful fish for aquarists prepared to manage their territorial nature.

Diet

Omnivore

They are omnivorous and not picky eaters, readily accepting a wide variety of foods in the aquarium. Their core diet should consist of high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes. This should be supplemented with live or frozen foods like bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia, as well as vegetable matter like spirulina or blanched zucchini. A varied diet promotes their vibrant yellow coloration and overall health.

Sex ratio

Pair

They are best kept as a bonded male and female pair. Keeping multiple pairs in a single aquarium requires a very large footprint to prevent constant territorial disputes and stress. If you start with a group of juveniles, allow them to pair off naturally and remove the remaining fish. A bonded pair will often remain together for life.

Feeding frequency

Twice daily

Feed them small amounts one to two times daily. They are greedy eaters and will often beg for food, so it is important not to overfeed them, which can lead to bloat and water quality issues. Only feed what they can consume in a few minutes. Fasting for one day a week is beneficial for their digestive system.

Bioload

The Yellow Convict Cichlid produces a moderate bioload. They are enthusiastic eaters and active fish, leading to a steady production of waste. Good filtration and a strict routine of regular water changes are necessary to keep nitrates low and water quality high. In smaller tanks, their bioload can quickly become problematic if overfed or improperly maintained.

Flow

Stagnant

They prefer moderate water flow that provides good oxygenation without blowing them around the tank. A standard canister or hang-on-back filter usually provides adequate flow and filtration. They appreciate resting areas among rocks and driftwood where the current is weaker. Ensure the surface is agitated to promote gas exchange.

Reproduction

Oviparous

They are prolific and relatively easy to breed cave spawners. A pair will select a secluded spot, such as an overturned flowerpot or a rocky cave, to lay their eggs. Both parents are exceptionally dedicated and will fiercely guard the eggs and the resulting fry against any perceived threat. The fry are easily raised on baby brine shrimp or finely crushed flake food.

Compatibility & tankmates

They are generally less aggressive than the common Convict Cichlid but are still fiercely territorial, especially during breeding. They can be kept in a community tank with fast-moving tetras, robust barbs, or armored catfish. However, they will aggressively defend their territory from any fish, large or small, when they have eggs or fry. Avoid keeping them with very timid species or other similar-looking bottom-dwelling cichlids.

Tank level

Middle/Bottom

They primarily inhabit the lower and middle levels of the aquarium. They enjoy exploring the substrate, moving small pebbles, and navigating through rocky caves and driftwood tangles. They will venture to the surface during feeding time but generally feel most secure near the bottom. Providing plenty of structure and hiding places is crucial for their well-being.