Fourspine Cichlid (Tetracanthus)

Geographic Origin and Biotope: Widely rooted in almost all coastal regions of Lake Tanganyika, but its battlefield par excellence is the famous "Transition Zone": a rugged habitat where the steep calcareous rocky formations fade, gradually disintegrating onto the beds of sand and mud. Hunts in these vast mixed pastures, generally not beyond 10 meters (33 feet) deep.

Taxonomy and Morphology: One of the stockiest and fleshiest members of the Lamprologine family. A formidable cichlid that inspires fear: easily reaches 15 centimeters (6 inches) (old males can even go further with frightening bulk), equipped with a massive skull, very strong thick lips and a solid barrel-like but aerodynamic body. The scales are visually large and extensive like plates of scale armor.

Social Behavior: Pure territorial predatory ferocity. Aloof and irascible, *N. tetracanthus* relentlessly patrols the vast sandy prairie surrounding the rocks of its domain, removing intruders with very violent intimidating rushes. Its aggressiveness towards its own kind is indescribable (intolerant to conspecifics except in rare consolidated pairs), and will consider prey all cichlids that enter into spatial competition with its long investigative wandering. Often active between dusk and night in its perpetual ground patrol.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Austere and dazzling beauty, almost metallurgical. Icy white-silver, very light sand or pearl-gray base body (depending on mood or origin), dominated by as many as 5 or 6 irregular faded blackish vertical bands that recall primordial frayed and broken tiger stripes (very marked in young, faint in Alphas). The masterpiece of the Tetracanthus shines when illuminated: every single lateral scale, along the flanks and gill opercula, has its edge lit by an incredible iridescent neon blue/emerald reflection, giving the whole fish the appearance of a glittering set jewel in grayscale. Fins thinly bordered in black. Females similar but with clearly deficient body size (about 25-30% smaller).

Tank Setup: Demands a colossus tank (at least 150 cm / 60 inches long side and generous capacities well over 400 L / 100 Gal). Essential to reconstruct its staggered realm: group massive smooth boulders in a corner, degrading them until leaving an immense flat and undisputed open bay of pure SAND in the center and opposite side, to accommodate its patrols. Immense tunnel hiding places for the poor females. If the layout becomes clogged or visually restricts it will flee panicking into frantic lethal fights between closely stacked stones to crevices which it detests, hating the claustrophobic dark of small caves unlike its cousin Leleupi.

Feeding and Diet: Highly proteinaceous omnivorous benthic predator. Its role in nature is to decimate operculated snails by crushing their calcareous shells (has very strong pharyngeal teeth) or crunching laid eggs or nocturnal massacres of shrimps. Do not give it green veg flakes, it would waste away intoxicated. Demands titanic fast-sinking foods: live pest snails from your planted tank, large shelled Shrimps by knife, pieces of anchovy, huge disinfected earthworms and a robust dry meal of carnivorous-based macro-size granules that it will hit on the ground sniffing it voraciously.

Water Quality: Hyper-orthodox and ruthlessly mineral Tanganyika. Despises any fluctuation of urea pollutant deriving from its very copious meat binges. Hardness pushed to very high values (15-25 GH) that preserve the integrity of the slimy mucus from fights and pH rigidly fixed on 8.0 and up (better to border on an alkaline 8.6/8.8 if specialized chemical Salts are drawn upon). Essential a super filtration or it will inflame the livery numbing pale from lethal ascitic lethargy in undersized tanks of canister filters.

Compatibility and Cohabitation: Catastrophic inclusion model for the novice! Fascinating but intractable and serial devourer. Assured violent death in the tank if incautiously introduced together with shell-dwellers whose Shells it will devour or small colored Mbuna to crush in unequal fights of size and hormonal instability in tight rocky closed asphyxiating spaces. Only possible binomial is the one with equally colossal and unassailable species that live either pelagically with spread wings suspended or that are huge reef predators standing on their own and distanced like the mastodontic Lepidiolamprologus kendalli (while separating their opposite territories with central rocks with a titanic imperious visual barrier of total defensive isolation guaranteeing everyone huge free perimeter escape routes).

Aquarium Reproduction: Cave-Spawners that occasionally span to the flat dark and that creates problems of formidable murderous pre-spawning aggressiveness. We recommend 1 mature male and AT LEAST two or three young females over 2 meters (80 inches) so as not to lead to certain slaughter a weak bride after exhausting hunting if poorly matched and lacking huge labyrinths in which to save herself unharmed fleeing his nervousness. Monstrous brood placed adhesively in secret on a rock or roof of a large submerged cave, of well over a thousand small fry that will grow feeding on the crushed shrimp residues spat by dad from the terrible bites ended up in the neighboring open water, cared for defending them with blood blindly challenging hands or big Frontosas almost decapitating their tails.

Risks and Diseases: Lethality deriving from violent intrafamilial intolerance (Assured death of all weak non-alpha co-specifics). Dramatic gastric decline (Malawi-Tanganyika Bloat) due to irreversible digestive block deriving from poor diets stuffed full of tasteless commercial soy flour instead of fine fresh and intact animal matter with a chitin shell necessary for him at the intestinal level struggling for pathogenic infectious degenerative constipated assimilation.