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Deissner's Licorice Gourami

Parosphromenus deissneri

The 'Licorice Gourami' (3 cm). One of the rarest and most specialized fish on the planet, threatened with extinction. Tiny striped labyrinth fish, demands extreme blackwaters and maniacal care. Only for purists dedicated to conservation.

Taxonomy
Class:Actinopteri
Order:Perciformes
Family:Osphronemidae
Subfamily:Macropodusinae
Genus:Parosphromenus
Species:Parosphromenus deissneri

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Water Temperature

24 - 28 °C

pH Value

4 - 5.5

Water type

Freshwater

Tank level

Bottom

Adult size

3 cm

Minimum tank volume

>= 30 L

Minimum group

>= 1

GH

1 - 5 dGH

KH

1 - 2 dKH

TDS

25 - 95 ppm

Conductivity

39 - 148 uS/cm

Species description

Geographical Origin and Habitat: Type species of the Parosphromenus genus, endemic to the peat rivers (Baturusa, etc.) on the Island of Bangka (Indonesia). Severely fragmented and endangered habitat. Lives hidden in slow forest pools and canals, where the water is an extreme mixture of dark humic acids derived from piles of branches and decaying leaves layered on the bottom for meters of thickness. Sunlight almost never reaches the substrate.
Taxonomy and Morphology: An endangered micro-labyrinth fish (Parosphromenus). The entire genus contains dozens of micro species very difficult to identify visually. It has a compressed, very small body (rarely touches 4 cm / 1.5 inches), with a typical elongated ovoid shape. It is a frail and very slow fish, suited only to slip between submarine leaf blades.
Social Behavior: The "Peat Ghost". It has pathological shyness and vulnerability. Spends its days holed up in the dark. When it is calm and the male enters heat, it performs fascinating territorial and nuptial parades: it positions itself upside down and opens its fins like sails to impress females, without ever resorting to lethal violence. It is totally defenseless against any moderately active or enterprising fish.
Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Ebony and Neon Beauty. In neutral conditions it has a yellowish/straw background color crossed by thick horizontal black stripes (hence "licorice"). But the displaying male is a masterpiece: the stripes on the body darken to ink black, and the wide rounded fins show off a magnificent RED BROWN iridescent marginal band bordered internally and externally by a thin flashing metallic neon BLUE/GREEN line. Females are dull, sandy and show only the phobic camouflaged dark longitudinal bands.

Care, breeding and tankmates

Aquarium Setup: Demands "The Blackwater Leaf Crypt" (Tank min. 30-40 cm / 12-15 in for a pair/trio). To be bred EXCLUSIVELY in dedicated excellence tanks. No strong lighting, no demanding modern plants. Inert bottom covered by a permanent layer of exotic botanical leaves (Catappa, Oak, Alder, dark twisted roots) and tiny caves made from empty camera film canisters, blind bamboo canes or carved coconut shells. The water must remain amazingly phobic deaf lethal dead calm.
Diet and Feeding: Extreme insectivorous Micro-Predator. Does not eat and will NEVER look at useless beaten asphyxiated consumptive dry industrial food. Claims exclusive multi-daily feedings of home-bred live micro-food: newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii, microworms, grindal and, occasionally, very small frozen bloodworms or waved daphnia magic tender amazing lethal alive.
Water Quality: Conservationist Purist Chemistry (Absolute Black Peat). Breeding in tap water is a rapid death sentence due to bacterial infections or Oodinium. Demands 100% RO (Reverse Osmosis) water barely remineralized with rare salts: zero hardness (KH 0, GH 1-2). The pH MUST remain acidic and stable (4.0 - 5.5). The tank must be protected from polluting fluctuations with microscopic fetid asphyxiating partial water changes.
Compatibility and Cohabitation: Aquarium model: "Exclusively Monospecific for Conservation". Never pair it with other species. Its slowness, extreme delicacy and need for darkness would make it an immediate victim of tragic lethal deaf drowned asphyxiated depressed phobic competitive stress. The only recommended breeding is in small silent and isolated mystic amazing dark devout monospecific colonies.
Aquarium Breeding: Architect of Submerged Inverted Nests (Cave-spawning Bubblenester). Builds very small bubble nests attached to the CEILING of tiny dark caves, under dead leaves on the bottom or in blind amazing magic small tubes. The male twists upside down inviting the female. After the embrace, the large eggs (up to 40) are placed in the vault of the cave. The female must be removed; the father will fanatically guard in the dark until the emergence of the microscopic larvae that need voracious infusoria.
Risks and Diseases: Extinction fish, mortality close to 100% in wrong lethal amazing ignorant drowned asphyxiated hands. Fatal immune collapse in waters with pH above 6.0 or hard: corrodes with fungi, white cotton wads and amazing tragic mortal velvet disease. Consumptive starvation wasting if forced to amazing tragic dry flakes. Sensitive to sudden massive changes or aspiration of cold surface air phobic deaf terminal pneumonia.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Type species of the Parosphromenus genus, endemic to the peat rivers (Baturusa, etc.) on the Island of Bangka (Indonesia). Severely fragmented and endangered habitat. Lives hidden in slow forest pools and canals, where the water is an extreme mixture of dark humic acids derived from piles of branches and decaying leaves layered on the bottom for meters of thickness. Sunlight almost never reaches the substrate.

Origin

North AmericaSouth and Southeast AsiaEast Asia

Fish profile

Temperament
Semi-aggressive
The temperament of Parosphromenus deissneri is largely peaceful, especially towards tank mates. While they mind their own business mostly, they may become defensive during specific periods. Providing visual barriers and adequate space mitigates most behavioral issues.
Diet
Omnivore
Parosphromenus deissneri is primarily carnivorous and enjoys a diverse diet. In captivity, they eagerly accept high-quality prepared foods, and appropriate frozen or live foods. Providing a varied menu ensures they receive all necessary nutrients for vibrant colors and health.
Sex ratio
Specific M:F ratio
Maintaining a proper sex ratio of one male to several females is advisable for this species. Males tend to be visually distinct from females in certain aspects, making sexing possible in mature specimens. In breeding setups, close monitoring is essential to prevent excessive harassment.
Feeding frequency
Twice daily
It is recommended to feed Parosphromenus deissneri moderate portions once a day. Only offer an amount they can completely consume within a few minutes to prevent water fouling. Occasional fasting days can also be beneficial for their digestive system.
Bioload
The bioload produced by Parosphromenus deissneri is low due to their small size and metabolic rate. They require robust filtration to keep water parameters stable and pristine. Regular water changes are highly recommended to ensure their optimal health.
Flow
Stagnant
This fish prefers slow water currents that mimic its natural habitat. Proper water flow is crucial for maintaining adequate oxygenation levels. Position filter outlets or powerheads carefully to provide both flowing and calmer resting areas.
Reproduction
Oviparous
Breeding Parosphromenus deissneri in captivity is challenging and requires specific water parameters. They are bubble nest spawners and often exhibit fascinating courtship behaviors. Providing ample suitable structures will significantly increase the survival rate of the fry.
Compatibility & tankmates
This species is generally peaceful and makes a specific addition to a home aquarium. They can be housed with other compatible species that occupy different water levels. Caution should be taken when selecting tank mates to avoid any conflicts.
Tank level
Bottom
These fish predominantly occupy the middle and bottom levels of the aquarium. They enjoy exploring their surroundings and often interact with the tank decor. Ensuring sufficient space in their preferred zone is absolutely important for their well-being.

Window to the official scientific data of the species

Data synced on: 06/15/2026

Scientific Parameters & Models

Trophic level
3.2 ± 0.4 se
Resilience
High (less than 15 months)
Phylogenetic uniqueness (PD50)
0.5
Bayesian Length-Weight
a = 0.00389, b = 3.12
VulnerabilityLow vulnerability (10 / 100)

Image gallery

Licensed images linked to the species or, when marked, to the closest representative taxon.

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Last updated: 06/30/2026
Deissner's Licorice Gourami (Parosphromenus deissneri) Care Guide & Tank Setup | Atlarium