Species description

Care, breeding and tankmates

Fish profile

Temperament

Semi-aggressive

They exhibit a reclusive and generally peaceful demeanor, preferring to stay hidden during the day. However, they are highly territorial of their chosen caves and will defend them vigorously. They are completely harmless to any fish that stays out of their immediate territory.

Diet

Omnivore

Members of this genus are generally omnivorous with a preference for aufwuchs and vegetable matter. They require sinking algae wafers, fresh vegetables, and natural driftwood to remain healthy. Periodic offerings of frozen bloodworms provide essential proteins.

Sex ratio

Harem

Males often exhibit broader heads and more prominent odontode growth compared to females. It is best to maintain them as pairs or small harems if the tank is very large. Multiple males will engage in fierce combat over preferred caves.

Feeding frequency

Twice daily

Feed them once a day during the evening or after lights-out. As nocturnal scavengers, they feed most comfortably in darkness. Always ensure that leftover fresh vegetables are removed to preserve water quality.

Bioload

Species within this genus generally produce a moderate to high bioload depending on their adult size. Their diet of wood and fibrous vegetables creates substantial solid waste. Robust mechanical filtration is highly necessary to maintain water clarity.

Flow

Stagnant

These plecos originate from fast-flowing, oxygen-rich rivers and streams. They greatly prefer strong water movement and high levels of dissolved oxygen in the aquarium. Powerheads are highly recommended to replicate their natural environment.

Reproduction

Oviparous

Breeding typically occurs in caves where the male traps the female to spawn. After egg deposition, the male assumes full responsibility for fanning and guarding the eggs. Inducing spawning often requires simulating a wet season with frequent cool water changes.

Compatibility & tankmates

They are typically peaceful towards mid and top-dwelling fish species. They are excellent additions to community tanks but can be aggressively territorial towards other bottom dwellers. Providing ample hiding spaces minimizes aggression with other plecos.

Tank level

Bottom

They are exclusively bottom-dwellers that associate closely with the substrate and hardscape. They spend the day secluded in crevices, under driftwood, or inside caves. They emerge at night to thoroughly graze across the tank's surfaces.