L012, L013

Geographic Origin and Biotope: Endemic to the Rio Xingu and its tributaries (Brazil). Inhabits shallow rapids characterized by rocky substrates covered in algae, where the water is incredibly warm and oxygenated.

Taxonomy and Morphology: L012 / L013 (Ancistomus feldbergae). Previously placed in the genus Peckoltia or Hemiancistrus. Has a robust shape, stockier than Ancistrus, and an oversized mouth (for its size) suitable for stubbornly scraping rocks.

Social Behavior: Extremely territorial for the possession of optimal caves or ravines. Males engage in furious fights pushing each other with their mouths. Towards mid-water swimming fish, however, it is completely indifferent.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Mustard-yellow or bright orange base (in L013) covered with large black or dark brown spots that never merge. Adult males with significantly wider head and pronounced spiny interopercular odontodes.

Aquarium Setup: Requires aquariums with a "River Manifold" setup (very powerful unidirectional water flow). Essential the presence of smooth rocky heaps to simulate the Xingu rapids. Submerged woods welcome but not necessary.

Diet and Feeding: Omnivore (Aufwuchs). In nature it feeds on the algal biofilm and the small invertebrates trapped in it. In the tank it needs sinking tablets (spirulina and krill mixed), zucchini, and occasionally frozen brine shrimp or bloodworms.

Water Quality: Rheophilic species that tolerates (and needs) very high temperatures (26-30°C / 79-86°F). The dissolved oxygen level must be kept at a maximum through airstones or venturis. Intolerant to nitrate accumulations.

Compatibility and Tankmates: Coexists well with fast Characins that love warm currents (Moenkhausia, Hemigrammus) or rheophilic cichlids (Retroculus, Steatocranus). Avoid pairing it with other benthic Loricariids in tanks under 120 cm (48 inches) to avoid lethal fights.

Aquarium Reproduction: Cave spawners. The male attracts the female into a narrow tube (ceramic or PVC). After spawning, he chases her away and guards the cluster of large yellow eggs, fanning vigorously until the fry's yolk sac is absorbed.

Risks and Diseases: Hyper-sensitive to a drop in oxygen: in case of a circulation pump failure or too high temperatures without aeration, it will be the first fish to suffocate (often sticking to the glass near the water surface).