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Bumblebee Goby

Brachygobius xanthozonus

The bumblebee goby (Brachygobius xanthozonus) is a popular small brackish-water fish, instantly recognizable by its yellow and black striped body and territorial bottom-dwelling habits.

Taxonomy
Class:Actinopteri
Order:Perciformes
Family:Gobiidae
Genus:Brachygobius
Species:Brachygobius xanthozonus

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Water Temperature

22 - 28 °C

pH Value

7.5 - 8.5

Water type

Freshwater / Brackish

Tank level

Bottom

Adult size

4 cm

Minimum tank volume

>= 40 L

Minimum group

>= 6

GH

10 - 20 dGH

KH

5 - 10 dKH

TDS

200 - 400 ppm

Conductivity

313 - 625 uS/cm

Species description

Geographical Origin and Habitat: Native to Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Inhabits slow-moving fresh and brackish water habitats, including estuaries, mangrove swamps, coastal lagoons, and channels influenced by tidal cycles.
Taxonomy and Morphology: Belongs to the family Gobiidae. Commonly known as the bumblebee goby. Features a short, cylindrical body, reaching a maximum length of about 4 cm. The pelvic fins are fused to form a cup-like suction disc used to anchor themselves to surfaces.
Social Behavior: Territorial bottom-dweller and loosely social. Males establish small territories centered around caves or crevices, which they defend against rivals. While generally peaceful, they can show mild intraspecific aggression in small or bare tanks.
Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Features a striking pattern of alternating vertical bands of bright yellow and deep brownish-black, resembling a bumblebee. Females are typically plumper with wider yellow bands, whereas males are slender and develop brighter yellow hues during spawning.

Care, breeding and tankmates

Aquarium Setup: Requires an aquarium of at least 50-60 liters (15 gallons) for a small group. Provide numerous hiding spots using rock caves, terracotta pots, PVC pipes, and driftwood. A substrate of fine sand or smooth gravel is essential to protect their bellies.
Diet and Feeding: Strict carnivore. Can be a finicky feeder in captivity, rarely accepting dry flakes or pellets. Requires a diet of small live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and daphnia.
Water Quality: Although they can survive in freshwater, they thrive and display better health in low-salinity brackish water (specific gravity of 1.002-1.005, created using marine salt). Keep temperature at 22-28°C (72-82°F), pH 7.5-8.5, and GH 10-20.
Compatibility and Cohabitation: Compatible with small, peaceful brackish species such as salt-tolerant poeciliids (mollies, guppies), glassfish, or other bumblebee gobies. Avoid housing with large or aggressive fish that could easily prey on them.
Aquarium Breeding: Spawning is achievable in captivity. The male coaxes a female into a cave or pipe where she deposits 100-200 adhesive eggs. The male guards and fans the clutch until they hatch in 7-9 days. Rearing the tiny fry requires live rotifers or infusoria.
Risks and Diseases: Susceptible to fungal and skin parasite infections if kept in pure freshwater long-term. Requires a covered tank, as they can climb wet glass surfaces or filter pipes when startled.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Native to Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Inhabits slow-moving fresh and brackish water habitats, including estuaries, mangrove swamps, coastal lagoons, and channels influenced by tidal cycles.

Origin

North AmericaSouth and Southeast Asia

Fish profile

Temperament
Semi-aggressive
The overall temperament of Brachygobius xanthozonus can be described as territorial. Understanding their personality is vital for maintaining a peaceful and stress-free environment. They may exhibit unique behaviors when interacting with their surroundings or during feeding time. Careful consideration of their disposition leads to a more rewarding fishkeeping experience.
Diet
Carnivore
The natural diet of Brachygobius xanthozonus is primarily carnivorous. In captivity, they should be offered a varied selection of high-quality foods to meet their nutritional needs. Incorporating both dry commercial diets and frozen or live options will ensure optimal health and coloration. A varied diet prevents nutritional deficiencies.
Sex ratio
Pair
The ideal sex ratio for keeping Brachygobius xanthozonus is typically pairs. Keeping them in these numbers helps reduce intraspecific aggression and mimics their natural social structure. Providing ample hiding spots can further alleviate tension among dominant individuals. Always monitor the group dynamics when introducing new specimens.
Feeding frequency
Twice daily
Feeding Brachygobius xanthozonus should generally be done daily. It is important to provide only what they can consume in a few minutes to prevent leftover food from decaying. Establishing a regular feeding schedule helps keep the fish active and healthy. Adjust the frequency if you observe signs of undernourishment or overfeeding.
Bioload
The bioload produced by Brachygobius xanthozonus is generally considered low. This means that the filtration system must be adequately sized to handle their waste output. Regular water changes and tank maintenance are strongly recommended to keep the environment healthy. Failure to do so can result in poor water quality and stress the fish.
Flow
Weak
In their natural habitat, Brachygobius xanthozonus experiences water flow that is low. Replicating this in the aquarium is crucial for their well-being and natural behavior. Appropriate water movement aids in oxygenation and prevents dead spots in the tank. Utilizing adjustable powerheads can help achieve the perfect balance.
Jump risk
No
Reproduction
Oviparous
Regarding reproduction, Brachygobius xanthozonus is known to be a cave-spawner. Breeding them in a home aquarium requires specific water parameters and a dedicated setup. Providing the correct spawning media and conditioning the adults with high-quality foods will increase success. Raising the fry can be challenging and requires specialized microscopic foods initially.
Compatibility & tankmates
Aggressive
When it comes to compatibility, Brachygobius xanthozonus is characterized as peaceful but nippy. They should be housed with tank mates that share similar water requirements and temperament. Care must be taken not to include species that could easily become prey or outcompete them for food. Observation is key to ensuring a harmonious community.
Tank level
Bottom
In the aquarium, Brachygobius xanthozonus prefers to occupy the bottom level. Designing the aquascape to cater to this preference ensures the fish feel secure and display their best colors. Ensure that there is adequate swimming space and appropriate decor in their preferred zone. This vertical distribution also allows for careful selection of tank mates that occupy other levels.

Window to the official scientific data of the species

Data synced on: 06/15/2026

Scientific Parameters & Models

Trophic level
3.5 ± 0.5 se
Resilience
Medium (1.4 - 4.4 years)
Phylogenetic uniqueness (PD50)
0.502
Bayesian Length-Weight
a = 0.00708, b = 3.07
VulnerabilityLow vulnerability (10 / 100)

Image gallery

Licensed images linked to the species or, when marked, to the closest representative taxon.

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Last updated: 06/30/2026
Bumblebee Goby (Brachygobius xanthozonus) Care Guide & Tank Setup | Atlarium