Species description

Care, breeding and tankmates

Fish profile

Temperament

Territorial

While peaceful toward other species, they display intense intraspecific territoriality, particularly during breeding. They are shy and secretive fish that require a heavily structured environment to feel secure. When provided with optimal conditions, their complex social and breeding behaviors are fascinating to observe.

Diet

Carnivore

They are benthic micropredators that sift through the substrate for worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. In captivity, they rarely accept dry foods initially and should be offered live or frozen blackworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia. Over time, they may be trained to accept high-quality sinking micro-pellets.

Sex ratio

Pair

They are best kept in pairs or small harems consisting of one male and multiple females, provided the tank is large enough. Males are highly territorial toward each other and will fight, sometimes to the death, in confined spaces. In a harem setup, each female must have her own distinct cave territory.

Feeding frequency

Twice daily

Feeding small portions once or twice a day is ideal for maintaining their health. Since they are meticulous bottom-feeders, ensure that fast-swimming mid-water fish do not consume all the food before it reaches the substrate. Overfeeding should be avoided to maintain the pristine water quality they demand.

Bioload

This dwarf cichlid produces a low bioload, making it suitable for smaller, well-maintained aquariums. Despite their low waste output, they are extremely sensitive to deteriorating water conditions and elevated nitrates. Frequent water changes and excellent biological filtration are absolute necessities to keep them healthy.

Flow

Strong

Originating from slow-moving blackwater streams, they strongly prefer a very gentle water flow. High currents will cause them severe stress and prevent them from establishing secure territories. Sponge filters or baffled HOB filters are highly recommended for this sensitive species.

Jump risk

No

Reproduction

Oviparous

They are cave spawners with complex maternal care. The female lays eggs on the roof of a secluded cave and vigorously defends the fry once they become free-swimming. Successful breeding requires very soft, highly acidic blackwater conditions and a diet rich in live foods.

Compatibility & tankmates

Peaceful

They are generally peaceful towards other species but require similarly calm, non-aggressive tank mates. Ideal companions include small tetras, pencilfish, and gentle Corydoras. Avoid housing them with large, boisterous fish or aggressive bottom-dwellers that might compete for territory.

Tank level

Bottom

They are strict bottom-dwellers that spend their time hovering over the substrate or exploring caves and leaf litter. They rely on complex structures like driftwood and plants for security and territorial boundaries. They rarely swim into the open middle or upper levels of the water column.