White-freckled Surgeonfish

Geographic Origin and Biotope: Tropical Indo-Pacific. Inhabits outer reef slopes exposed to strong currents and deep channel passages rich in corals and algae down to 30 meters.

Taxonomy and Morphology: Belongs to the family Acanthuridae. Reaches about 40 cm. Oval, laterally compressed body with small teeth and a sharp bony scalpel on the sides of the tail base.

Social Behavior: Active and fast fish, swims constantly. Displays high territoriality toward other large herbivores in limited spaces.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Olive-brown body covered with fine streaks. Distinguished by the snout and head covered with a dense series of white or yellow spots (freckles) and a black elongated shoulder patch.

Aquarium Setup: Requires a massive tank of at least 950 liters (250 gallons) with very strong water movement and ample open areas for fast swimming.

Diet and Feeding: Herbivore. Feed large amounts of plant matter: nori seaweed, spirulina, enriched veggie pellets, and fresh macroalgae.

Water Quality: Temperature 23-28°C (73-82°F), pH 8.1-8.4, specific gravity 1.020-1.025. Efficient skimming and maximum oxygenation to prevent stress and parasites.

Compatibility and Tankmates: 100% reef-safe. Does not touch corals. Can show high aggression toward other surgeonfish, especially Acanthurus species.

Aquarium Reproduction: Reproduction is not feasible in home aquariums. Spawns by releasing pelagic eggs in the open ocean.

Risks and Diseases: Equipped with a sharp caudal spine, exercise maximum caution during maintenance. Highly sensitive to skin infections and Marine Ich.