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Lemna trisulca

Lemna trisulca

Lemna trisulca is a submerged floating plant that forms characteristic star-like floating chains, excellent as a biological shelter.

Taxonomy
Class:Liliopsida
Order:Alismatales
Family:Araceae
Genus:Lemna
Species:Lemna trisulca

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Water Temperature

4 - 30 °C

pH Value

5 - 8

Water type

Freshwater

Light

Low to High

CO2

Low - High

Expected height

1 cm

Expected width

1 cm

GH

4 - 20 dGH

KH

2 - 21 dKH

Species description

Lemna trisulca is widely distributed in the cold and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, and North America. Unlike almost all other duckweeds, it grows submerged just below the water surface, floating in calm waters, forest ditches, and sheltered ponds. It belongs to the family Araceae, subfamily Lemnoideae. This species features a unique genome adapted to submerged photosynthesis at low light levels, lacking the thick waxy cuticle that characterizes surface floating species. Vegetative propagation occurs with daughter fronds remaining connected to the mother frond via a persistent petiole.

Care, breeding and tankmates

Tolerates water temperatures between 4°C and 30°C, pH from 5.0 to 8.0, and carbon hardness (KH) between 2 and 21 dKH. It prefers stable, slow-flowing, or stationary waters; overly strong currents tend to disperse or accumulate the plant in filters. The main risk is the development of filamentous algae or suspended organic debris that can suffocate the plant if mechanical filtration is poor. Large herbivorous fish can quickly consume its tender fronds.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

This species originates from: North America, Europe, Asia.

Origin

Europe, Mediterranean, and West AsiaNorth AmericaEast Asia

Plant profile

Placement
Midground

This plant is strictly a floating plant that covers the water surface. It naturally spreads across the top, providing shade for the aquarium below. It can be corralled using floating rings to prevent it from covering the entire surface.

Botanical form
Floating

It features small, simple fronds that float flat on the water surface. Thin, trailing roots hang down into the water column to absorb nutrients. The plant reproduces primarily through vegetative budding.

Growth
Fast

The growth rate of Lemna trisulca is extremely fast and often explosive under good lighting. It doubles its biomass in just a few days if nutrients are abundant. Its rapid multiplication requires frequent culling to avoid light blockage.

Substrate
None

Unlike standard floating duckweeds, Lemna trisulca often grows submerged just below the water's surface in intertwined masses, but it still does not require any substrate. The plant derives all of its nutritional needs directly from the water column through its delicate roots and thallus structures. It can sometimes become loosely entangled in other plants, driftwood, or decor. Any substrate choice in the aquarium is perfectly suitable, as this species functions entirely independently of the bottom layer.

Column fertilization
Recommended

Liquid column fertilization is highly beneficial as it has no substrate roots. It responds quickly to added macronutrients and micronutrients in the water. Over-fertilization can lead to uncontrollable and rapid surface overgrowth.

Root fertilization
None

Root tabs or substrate fertilizers are completely unnecessary for this plant. All of its nutritional needs are met through its floating roots. It has no connection to the aquarium substrate.

Trimming
Regular

Trimming involves simply netting out excess portions from the surface. It is important to remove a significant amount weekly to maintain light penetration. Ensure no tiny pieces are left if you wish to eradicate it completely.

Propagation
Cuttings

Propagation occurs naturally and rapidly through continuous division. A single small frond will split into multiple new plants. You simply need to leave a few pieces in the tank to maintain the population.

Sensitivity
Moderate

It is relatively tough but sensitive to strong surface agitation. High water flow can push the plant underwater and cause it to rot. It also dislikes condensation dripping from tight aquarium lids.

Layout role
Midground

Its primary role is as a floating shade plant and nutrient exporter. It helps calm skittish fish by providing overhead cover and dimming bright lights. However, it can obscure lower plants if not carefully managed.

Image gallery

Licensed images linked to the species or, when marked, to the closest representative taxon.

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Last updated: 06/16/2026
Lemna trisulca Care Guide & Tank Setup | Atlarium