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FishFreshwaterIntermediate

Porthole Rasbora

Rasbora cephalotaenia

One of the largest Rasboras in existence. A majestic dark-water surface predator, measuring a full 13 cm (5 inches), decorated with a unique dark lateral band that breaks into round spots resembling small portholes.

Taxonomy
Class:Actinopteri
Order:Cypriniformes
Family:Cyprinidae
Subfamily:Rasborinae
Genus:Rasbora
Species:Rasbora cephalotaenia

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Water Temperature

22 - 26 °C

pH Value

4.5 - 6.5

Water type

Freshwater

Tank level

Surface and middle

Adult size

13 cm

Minimum tank volume

>= 180 L

Minimum group

>= 1

GH

1 - 5 dGH

KH

1 - 2 dKH

TDS

25 - 95 ppm

Conductivity

39 - 148 uS/cm

Species description

Geographical Origin and Habitat: Endemic to the blackwater peat swamps and flooded forests of insular and peninsular Southeast Asia. This is an extreme habitat, with water dark as strong tea, incredibly low pH (below 5.0), and a total absence of hardness due to immense amounts of decaying organic material.
Taxonomy and Morphology: Cyprinidae. Unlike the average for its genus (which sits around 4-5 cm), this is a true giant, approaching 13 centimeters (5.1 inches) in length. The body is a narrow torpedo shape, with a large, sharply upward-angled mouth, the perfect evolution for surface hunters.
Social Behavior: Very active and peaceful toward similarly sized fish, but frighteningly fast. Being an opportunistic predator, it will swallow anything that fits in its mouth. Moves predominantly in the upper layers. It remains a gregarious fish that must be kept in schools (at least 6, ideally 8-10).
Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Antique silver or dark copper base. It takes its name from the characteristic lateral pattern: instead of a solid line, two narrow parallel black lines run along the flank, merging into a series of round spots forming a chain or 'porthole' motif. Females are noticeably plumper and deeper-bodied; males are streamlined torpedoes, with warmer, coppery reflections.

Care, breeding and tankmates

Aquarium Setup: Being lightning-fast giants, they demand XL tanks (absolute minimum 120-150 cm / 48-60 inches in length). This fish STRICTLY requires a Blackwater biotope: almost zero light, tangled driftwood, dried leaves on the bottom to release tannins, and floating plants to shield the surface. Heavy glass lid: a 5-inch muscle-bound fish will smash through light netting or thin plexiglass if it jumps.
Diet and Feeding: Omnivorous macro-predator. Devours commercial surface food with unheard-of ferocity. Prefers large prey such as chopped earthworms, jumbo bloodworms, krill, and dried/live crickets dropped on the water's surface.
Water Quality: This is its greatest limitation: it cannot tolerate hard, alkaline tap water. It requires pure reverse-osmosis water, extremely soft (GH 1-5), and decidedly acidic (pH 4.5 - 6.5). Temperatures between 22 and 26°C (72-79°F). Highly sensitive to ammonia spikes.
Compatibility and Cohabitation: Terrible choice for a general community tank with small fish. It will eat Neons, dwarf rasboras (Boraras), or guppies. Excellent for tanks with large Asian peat-swamp fish, such as medium Loaches, large Gouramis (e.g. Pearl Gouramis), and large Asian Cichlids.
Aquarium Breeding: Very rare in captivity due to the tank size required for spawning and the extreme acidic parameters needed to condition the female. They are free-spawners and, naturally, will devour the eggs if hungry.
Risks and Diseases: They stress out, fade, and fall ill from lethal bacterial/fungal infections if kept in hard, neutral, or alkaline waters. Fatal leaps from the tank due to their hyperactivity.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Endemic to the blackwater peat swamps and flooded forests of insular and peninsular Southeast Asia. This is an extreme habitat, with water dark as strong tea, incredibly low pH (below 5.0), and a total absence of hardness due to immense amounts of decaying organic material.

Origin

North AmericaSouth and Southeast Asia

Fish profile

Temperament
Semi-aggressive
They exhibit a peaceful but incredibly active and boisterous temperament. They are constantly on the move, which can stress very shy fish. Kept in a proper school, they focus mostly on interacting with each other.
Diet
Omnivore
They are robust omnivores that eat a wide range of foods. High-quality pellets or larger flakes should form the base of their diet. They highly appreciate regular offerings of bloodworms, daphnia, and chopped earthworms.
Sex ratio
Group
Maintaining a balanced ratio of males to females in a group of at least six is ideal. Males are generally slimmer and more intensely colored during breeding conditioning. A larger group diffuses any minor intra-species chasing.
Feeding frequency
Twice daily
Adults should be fed once or twice a day with nutrient-dense foods. Ensure they consume their meal within a few minutes to prevent spoilage. Fasting them one day a week can aid their digestion.
Bioload
This is a larger rasbora species, so it produces a moderate bioload. Adequate filtration is necessary to handle the waste of an adult school. Regular tank maintenance will ensure the water remains pristine and well-oxygenated.
Flow
Stagnant
They originate from clear, flowing forest streams and appreciate moderate to strong current. A powerhead can provide the necessary flow and oxygenation they desire. Proper flow encourages their natural schooling and swimming behaviors.
Reproduction
Oviparous
Breeding requires a spacious tank with soft, slightly acidic water and dense vegetation. They scatter their eggs among the plants and abandon them immediately. The parents should be removed post-spawning to maximize fry survival.
Compatibility & tankmates
They are active and peaceful, making good companions for medium-sized fish. Loaches, larger tetras, and peaceful cichlids are suitable tank mates. Extremely small tank mates might be outcompeted for food or accidentally eaten.
Tank level
Top/Middle
They are powerful swimmers that occupy the middle to upper levels of the tank. They need plenty of unobstructed horizontal swimming space. Tall background plants can make them feel more secure.

Window to the official scientific data of the species

Data synced on: 06/15/2026

Scientific Parameters & Models

Trophic level
3.2 ± 0.4 se
Resilience
High (less than 15 months)
Phylogenetic uniqueness (PD50)
0.5
Bayesian Length-Weight
a = 0.00776, b = 3.01
VulnerabilityLow vulnerability (10 / 100)

Image gallery

Licensed images linked to the species or, when marked, to the closest representative taxon.

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Last updated: 06/30/2026