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Platy

Xiphophorus maculatus

The most versatile and colorful livebearer for beginners: available in dozens of color variants (red, orange, blue, yellow, mickey mouse, sunset, tuxedo) making each individual unique. Hardy, peaceful and prolific — the perfect introduction to livebearers. Omnivore that grazes algae. Prefers slightly alkaline, hard water. 1 male: 2–3 females ratio essential — males chase females constantly. Longevity 3–4 years.

Taxonomy

Class:Actinopteri

Order:Cyprinodontiformes

Family:Poeciliidae

Subfamily:Poeciliinae

Genus:Xiphophorus

Species:Xiphophorus maculatus

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Water Temperature

21 - 26 °C

pH Value

7 - 8.5

Water type

Freshwater

Tank level

Middle

Adult size

4 cm

Minimum tank volume

>= 40 L

Minimum group

>= 3

7 - 21 dGH

5 - 15 dKH

TDS

155 - 465 ppm

Conductivity

242 - 727 uS/cm

Species description

Geographical Origin and Habitat: Endemic exclusively to the deeply sluggish, heavily vegetated lowland swamps, intensely warm drainage ditches, and completely stagnant coastal canals of Central America (specifically eastern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize). Xiphophorus maculatus (universally celebrated as the Platy) natively colonizes the shallow, hyper-vegetated margins of these tropical waterways. These specific micro-habitats are completely completely choked with massive tangles of submerged aquatic weeds, dense floating vegetation, and significant layers of decomposing organic matter.

Taxonomy and Morphology: Scientifically classified within the Poeciliidae family (the livebearers), it is a legendary, spectacularly colorful, and biologically robust beginner fish. Morphologically, fully mature adult females reach roughly 5.0 to 6.0 centimeters (2.0-2.4 inches) in length, while males are noticeably smaller (4.0-5.0 cm). It possesses a deeply compact, highly robust, and deeply thick-bodied profile, appearing distinctly stockier than Swordtails or Guppies. Its absolute defining, evolutionary anatomical feature is a lack of the "sword" extension on the tail fin, distinguishing it from Swordtails.

Social Behavior: They are highly active, relentlessly energetic, and exceptionally peaceful livebearers. They possess a frantically active, hyper-curious swimming style, constantly foraging in every square inch of the aquarium. They are not obligate schoolers but are deeply social and strictly MUST be kept in a sizable group (absolute minimum 5-6) with a strictly enforced gender ratio of at least 2 to 3 females per every single male. Males spend their entire day relentlessly, exhaustingly chasing and attempting to copulate with the females.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Sexual dimorphism is absolute and critical. Mature males possess a highly modified, sharply pointed, rod-like anal fin called a "gonopodium," used exclusively for internal fertilization, while females possess a standard, fan-shaped anal fin and massively plumper abdomens. Due to a century of intense selective breeding, the Platy exists in literally hundreds of blinding, neon color morphs. Classic variants include the "Red Wag" (glowing neon-red body, pitch-black fins), "Mickey Mouse" (distinct three-spot pattern on the tail), "Sunburst," and "Blue Coral."

Care, breeding and tankmates

Aquarium Setup: The aquarium architecture MUST flawlessly accommodate their endless energy and hyper-prolific breeding. A minimum 60-liter (15-gallon) tank (at least 60 cm long) is required. The absolute most critical requirement is overwhelming, impenetrable thickets of fine-leaved vegetation (like Guppy Grass, Hornwort, or Java Moss) to provide exhausted females a place to hide from relentless male harassment, and to offer the massive quantities of fry a chance to survive. The water flow MUST be gentle; they are clumsy swimmers and will struggle in powerful currents.

Diet and Feeding: They are highly active, voracious omnivores that act as excellent scavengers and algae grazers. In the aquarium, they possess a massive, bottomless appetite and are the ultimate beginner-friendly eaters. They will aggressively accept absolutely any commercial diet. However, to maintain perfect health and prevent severe digestive issues, their diet MUST be heavily skewed toward vegetable matter. Daily offerings of spirulina-based flakes or blanched vegetables (zucchini, peas) are mandatory, supplemented 2-3 times a week with meaty foods (bloodworms, Artemia) for protein.

Water Quality: Originating from harsh, alkaline Central American swamps, they strictly demand highly stable, intensely clean, and moderately hard water. They thrive in warm tropical temperatures (24-27°C / 75-81°F). Crucially, they strictly require moderately hard to very hard water (GH 10-25) and a distinctly alkaline pH (7.0 - 8.2). They will rapidly suffer severe physiological collapse, clamped fins, and lethal bacterial infections if kept in soft, acidic water (like Amazonian blackwater). Rigorous weekly water changes (30-50%) are unconditionally mandatory due to their massive bioload.

Compatibility and Cohabitation: Compatibility is absolutely excellent, provided tankmates share their strict requirement for hard, alkaline water. They are the perfect, vibrant centerpiece for a peaceful, hard-water community biotope. Excellent companions include fast-swimming Zebra Danios, peaceful Tetras tolerant of hard water, Corydoras, and other livebearers (Mollies, Guppies). They MUST NEVER be housed with aggressive fin-nippers (like Tiger Barbs) that will shred their fins, nor with large predatory Cichlids. NOTE: They will readily hybridize with Swordtails (Xiphophorus hellerii).

Aquarium Breeding: Breeding is utterly explosive, inevitable, and completely unstoppable. They are highly prolific livebearers; males use their gonopodium to internally fertilize the female. Females can store sperm for months. Following a 4-week gestation (indicated by a massive, swollen belly and dark "gravid spot" near the anal fin), the female will drop 20-50 massive, fully formed, free-swimming fry. The adults are relentless fry-eaters; the tank MUST contain massive, dense tangles of floating plants for the fry to hide, or pregnant females must be moved to a breeding trap.

Risks and Diseases: The absolute greatest physical risk is severe physiological collapse and rapid death caused by keeping them in soft, acidic water; hard, alkaline water is strictly, unconditionally mandatory. The second major risk is lethal exhaustion and stress for females caused by housing too many males; the 3-to-1 female-to-male ratio is absolutely critical to disperse harassment. Finally, without dense vegetation, 100% of the fry will be cannibalized within hours of birth.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Endemic exclusively to the deeply sluggish, heavily vegetated lowland swamps, intensely warm drainage ditches, and completely stagnant coastal canals of Central America (specifically eastern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize). Xiphophorus maculatus (universally celebrated as the Platy) natively colonizes the shallow, hyper-vegetated margins of these tropical waterways. These specific micro-habitats are completely completely choked with massive tangles of submerged aquatic weeds, dense floating vegetation, and significant layers of decomposing organic matter.

Origin

Central America and Caribbean

Fish profile

Temperament: Peaceful
Diet: Omnivore
Life expectancy: 3-5 years
Sex ratio: Specific M:F ratio
Feeding frequency: Twice daily
Bioload: Medium
Flow: Moderate
Jump risk: Yes
Reproduction: Livebearer
Compatibility & tankmates: Peaceful
Tank level: Middle

FishBase

Window to the official scientific data of the species

Data synced on: 06/15/2026

Scientific Parameters & Models

Trophic level: 3.2 ± 0.4 se
Resilience: High (less than 15 months)
Phylogenetic uniqueness (PD50): 0.5
Bayesian Length-Weight: a = 0.01047, b = 3.14

Image gallery

Licensed images linked to the species or, when marked, to the closest representative taxon.

Related species

Recommendations grouped by close relatives, companion choices, and similar care.

Variants and close relatives

Same atlas type, nearby scientific identity, genus, or family.

Coral Red Platy

Xiphophorus maculatus var. Coral Red

Species description

Care, breeding and tankmates

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Origin

Fish profile

Scientific Parameters & Models

Image gallery

Related species

Variants and close relatives

Coral Red Platy

Mickey Mouse platy

Wagtail Platy

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