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Silver Moony / Mono

Monodactylus argenteus

The Silver Moony is an elegant, hyperactive schooling fish. Starting in brackish waters, this fast-swimming predator must transition to a full marine environment as an adult.

Taxonomy
Class:Actinopteri
Order:Perciformes
Family:Monodactylidae
Genus:Monodactylus
Species:Monodactylus argenteus

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Water Temperature

24 - 28 °C

pH Value

7.2 - 8.5

Water type

Freshwater

Tank level

Surface and middle

Adult size

25 cm

Minimum tank volume

>= 300 L

Minimum group

>= 1

GH

12 - 30 dGH

KH

6 - 15 dKH

TDS

240 - 600 ppm

Conductivity

375 - 938 uS/cm

Species description

Geographical Origin and Habitat: Indo-Pacific (East African coasts, Asia, Australia). Inhabits tidal river estuaries, muddy marinas and mangrove swamps. Constantly oscillates between fresh water, brackish and ocean.
Taxonomy and Morphology: Mono / Silver Moony (Monodactylus argenteus). Imposing perfectly rhomboidal fish (like an Angelfish but without filiform fins) with a laterally flattened body to move among submerged roots.
Social Behavior: Shoaling species. Very fast, nervous and darting. Will become skittish (terrified) if kept individually. Prefers schools of at least 5-6 specimens.
Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Plated in quicksilver, hyper-reflective. Two vertical black bands pass over the head. The dorsal fin is typically tinged with bright sun yellow in juveniles (hence "Moony"). Sexes are virtually identical.

Care, breeding and tankmates

Aquarium Setup: Colossal tanks (min. 150-200 cm / 60-80 inches). It is a "sprint" swimmer, needing huge central open spaces and oceanic currents generated by wavemakers. Furnishing limited to fake mangrove woods.
Diet and Feeding: Marine omnivore. As a juvenile it eats spirulina, larvae and insects. As an adult it needs fish flesh, shelled shrimp, mysis and large protein pellets for cichlids or predators.
Water Quality: The Brackish Deception. Juveniles (those sold in stores) can be in very hard freshwater, but *must* be gradually transitioned to heavy brackish water (SG 1.010 - 1.015) or pure marine as they grow.
Compatibility and Cohabitation: Predator for small fish. Once adult (25 cm / 10 inches high) it will devour Neons or Guppies. Only paired with other brackish monsters (Archerfish, Scats, Pufferfish).
Aquarium Breeding: Undocumented in normal home aquariums. In nature they spawn in the salty Ocean (pelagic) and the fry swim up the river mouths into fresh water.
Risks and Diseases: Death by Osmosis in Community Aquarium. Sadly sold as a "weird little silver freshwater fish". At 1 year of age, if not transferred to a saltwater vat, its liver or kidneys will collapse and it will die.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Indo-Pacific (East African coasts, Asia, Australia). Inhabits tidal river estuaries, muddy marinas and mangrove swamps. Constantly oscillates between fresh water, brackish and ocean.

Origin

Tropical oceans and reefsAfrica and MadagascarSouth and Southeast AsiaAustralia, New Guinea, and Oceania

Fish profile

Temperament
Semi-aggressive
They are active, schooling fish that are generally peaceful towards robust species. Their fast movements can sometimes stress out slower tank mates. They may occasionally nip fins if kept in groups that are too small.
Diet
Omnivore
Silver Moonies are omnivorous and require a varied diet of plant and meaty foods. In the wild, they feed on insects and plant matter in estuaries. In captivity, they eagerly accept flakes, frozen foods, and spirulina.
Sex ratio
Group
There are no easily distinguishable external differences between males and females. Maintaining a specific sex ratio is generally not necessary when keeping them. Keeping them in a sufficiently large group is most important.
Feeding frequency
Twice daily
Juveniles should be fed multiple small meals a day for rapid growth. Adults can be fed two to three times daily. Consistent feeding helps prevent water quality deterioration from uneaten food.
Bioload
The Silver Moony produces a significant bioload due to its voracious appetite. These large fish require robust filtration systems to maintain excellent water quality. Frequent water changes are necessary to handle their high metabolic waste.
Flow
Stagnant
These active swimmers thrive in environments with moderate to strong water flow. The robust water movement provides essential exercise and oxygenates the water. Powerheads can be used to create the necessary current.
Reproduction
Oviparous
Breeding Silver Moonies in a home aquarium is extremely rare and challenging. In the wild, they migrate from brackish waters to the open ocean to spawn. Replicating the necessary salinity changes in captivity remains largely undocumented.
Compatibility & tankmates
This species is relatively peaceful but can be aggressive towards smaller tank mates. They are best kept in schools of at least five individuals to disperse aggression. Suitable companions include robust brackish fish like scats.
Tank level
Top/Middle
These fish are primarily active in the middle to upper levels. They are constant cruisers that appreciate plenty of open swimming space. They generally avoid the bottom substrate unless investigating food.

Window to the official scientific data of the species

Data synced on: 06/15/2026

Scientific Parameters & Models

Trophic level
3.1 ± 0.26 se
Phylogenetic uniqueness (PD50)
0.625
Bayesian Length-Weight
a = 0.02818, b = 3
VulnerabilityLow vulnerability (23 / 100)

Image gallery

Licensed images linked to the species or, when marked, to the closest representative taxon.

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Last updated: 06/30/2026
Silver Moony / Mono (Monodactylus argenteus) Care Guide & Tank Setup | Atlarium