Three-spot Cardinalfish

Geographic Origin and Biotope: Western Pacific, ranging from the Philippines and Great Barrier Reef to Samoa and the Marshall Islands. Inhabits shallow coastal reefs, caves, and crevices at depths of 1 to 34 meters.

Taxonomy and Morphology: Part of the Apogonidae family, currently classified as Pristicon trimaculatus. Features a stout body and large eyes adapted for low-light conditions. Grows to 14 cm (5.5 inches).

Social Behavior: Peaceful and nocturnal. Spends daylight hours hovering almost motionless in caves or under ledges, becoming active and searching for food at night.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Body is golden-brown or reddish-copper with two dark vertical bars and a black spot on the caudal peduncle. No distinct external sexual dimorphism.

Aquarium Setup: Minimum tank size of 150 liters (40 gallons) with plenty of rockwork forming dark caves and overhangs. Dim lighting or shaded areas are preferred.

Diet and Feeding: Carnivorous. Diet should include a variety of meaty frozen foods such as mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and chopped krill. Best fed in the evening.

Water Quality: Maintain stable marine parameters: temperature 23-28°C (73-82°F), pH 8.1-8.4, specific gravity 1.020-1.025, and KH 8-12. Ensure good water quality.

Compatibility and Tankmates: Reef-safe. Excellent with other peaceful fish such as clownfish, gobies, and small wrasses. May prey on very small ornamental shrimp.

Aquarium Reproduction: Paternal mouthbrooder. The male carries eggs in his mouth until they hatch, refusing food during this period. Rearing fry is difficult.

Risks and Diseases: Generally hardy, but can suffer from stress and starvation if housed with aggressive tankmates that outcompete them for food.