Spinyhead Cardinalfish

Geographic Origin and Biotope: Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and French Polynesia. Inhabits seaward reefs and protected lagoons at depths of 1 to 45 meters.

Taxonomy and Morphology: Part of the Apogonidae family, also known as Pristiapogon kallopterus. Heavy-bodied with large eyes and transparent fins. Reaches up to 15 cm (6 inches).

Social Behavior: Peaceful and nocturnal. Spends daytime hours in caves or under ledges. Emerges at dusk to hunt for zooplankton and small benthic invertebrates.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Body is iridescent copper-gold with a black mid-lateral stripe ending in a spot at the tail base. No visible external sexual dimorphism.

Aquarium Setup: Minimum aquarium size of 150 liters (40 gallons) with rockwork providing dark caves. Shaded areas are highly recommended. Normal tank covers are fine.

Diet and Feeding: Carnivorous. Offer mysis, brine shrimp, chopped krill, and shellfish preparations. Best fed during the evening hours.

Water Quality: Keep stable parameters: temperature 25-28°C (77-82°F), pH 8.2-8.4, specific gravity 1.020-1.025, and KH 8-12. Maintain good water flow.

Compatibility and Tankmates: Reef-safe. Good with clownfish, gobies, and small peaceful wrasses. May prey on tiny ornamental shrimp.

Aquarium Reproduction: Paternal mouthbrooder. Male carries eggs in his mouth until hatching, refusing food during this time. Rearing larvae is challenging.

Risks and Diseases: Very hardy. The main risk is stress and food competition if housed with highly active, aggressive tankmates.