Species description

Care, breeding and tankmates

Fish profile

Temperament

Aggressive

They have a fiery, territorial temperament and act much larger than their actual size. They are bold and inquisitive, constantly investigating their environment and challenging intruders. While their aggression must be managed with proper tank mates, their lively personality makes them an engaging addition to the tank.

Diet

Carnivore

As carnivores, their diet requires a high protein content derived from marine sources. Frozen mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, and finely chopped clam or squid should form the bulk of their meals. They will also readily accept high-quality carnivore pellets, though these should only be a supplement.

Sex ratio

Solitary

They are extremely aggressive towards their own species and should absolutely be kept singly. Keeping multiple individuals will almost certainly result in the death of the weaker fish. Trying to pair them is risky and should only be attempted if purchasing a confirmed, established pair.

Feeding frequency

Twice daily

They should be fed small portions two to three times a day. Their active swimming and aggressive territorial defense burn a lot of energy, necessitating frequent caloric intake. Watch them feed to ensure they are getting enough food without overfeeding the entire tank.

Bioload

This fish generates a moderate bioload comparable to other small, active predators. Regular feedings of meaty foods mean that efficient mechanical and biological filtration is necessary to prevent nutrient spikes. Consistent water parameters achieved through regular water changes will ensure their long-term health.

Flow

Moderate

They enjoy a moderate to strong water flow that simulates the energetic reef crests. Good circulation helps keep the tank clean and provides the turbulent environment they naturally prefer. They will use the live rock to find shelter when they want a break from the strong currents.

Jump risk

Yes

Like most dottybacks, they have a very high propensity for jumping out of open aquariums. A secure, tight-fitting lid or mesh screen is non-negotiable for this species. Escapes often happen during disputes with tank mates or if the fish is startled by sudden movements outside the tank.

Reproduction

Oviparous

Breeding this species in the home aquarium is challenging but has been accomplished. They are cave spawners, and the male takes on the responsibility of guarding the eggs until they hatch. The primary difficulty lies in rearing the microscopic fry, which require specific rotifers and phytoplankton to survive.

Compatibility & tankmates

Territorial

They are semi-aggressive and fiercely territorial around their chosen rocky crevices. They should be housed with fish that are large enough or robust enough to ignore their posturing and occasional nips. Small, peaceful fish, especially those that inhabit the lower levels, are likely to be harassed constantly.

Tank level

Bottom

They spend the vast majority of their time in the lower half of the aquarium, weaving through the rockwork. They rely on caves and overhangs for security and will fiercely defend these areas. You will rarely see them swimming in the open water near the surface.