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AmphibianTerrestrialIntermediate
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Axolotl (Melanoid)
Ambystoma mexicanum "Melanoid"
The Melanoid Axolotl is a dark, solid black color morph characterized by increased melanin production and a complete absence of shiny iridophores in its skin and eyes.
Class:Amphibia
Order:Caudata
Family:Ambystomatidae
Genus:Ambystoma
Species:Ambystoma mexicanum "Melanoid"
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Environment
Terrestrial
Humidity
100 %
Day temperature
14 - 20 °C
Night temperature
14 - 20 °C
UVB
None
Species description
Geographical Origin and Habitat: Originally native to the high-altitude lake and canal system of the Valley of Mexico, primarily Lake Xochimilco. In the wild, they are critically endangered due to pollution, habitat loss, and invasive predators. They inhabited the dark, cold, muddy depths of these lakes, seeking refuge among dense aquatic vegetation.
Taxonomy and Genetics: A member of the Ambystomatidae family, commonly known as the Axolotl. Famous for its neotenic lifestyle, retaining its larval gills and aquatic form into adulthood. The 'Melanoid' morph is characterized by an increase in dark pigment (melanin) and a total lack of shiny iridophores, resulting in a solid coal-black or deep dark gray body, including solid black eyes with no gold rings.
Behavior and Habits: Quiet and sedentary, often remaining motionless for hours. They walk slowly along the bottom substrate using their small limbs but can swim rapidly using powerful tail movements if startled. They have poor vision and use suction to feed, engulfing any moving prey that fits into their mouth.
Morphology: Features a broad, flattened head, a wide smiling mouth, and three pairs of external gill stalks with vascularized red filaments. Mature metals are identified by a swollen cloacal region at the base of the tail, whereas females are rounder and wider, especially when carrying eggs.
Care, breeding and tankmates
Terrarium Setup: Strictly and entirely aquatic. Requires a large aquarium (minimum 80-100 cm in length). Use high-capacity filtration but keep water flow minimal, as strong currents cause severe stress and gill curl. The substrate must consist of ultra-fine, soft silica sand or a bare bottom; gravel must never be used, as it causes fatal intestinal impaction when accidentally swallowed.
Lighting and Heating: Cold water is vital. They thrive at temperatures below 20°C; temperatures exceeding 24°C cause severe thermal stress, rendering them vulnerable to fatal infections. A water chiller is mandatory in warm areas. Provide low-intensity, shaded lighting as they lack eyelids and dislike bright light.
Humidity and Hydration: As a fully aquatic species, they require clean, well-oxygenated freshwater. Perform weekly partial water changes and siphon organic waste. Always treat tap water with a quality declorinator; pure reverse osmosis water is not recommended as it lacks essential minerals.
Feeding and Supplementation: Carnivorous. Feed a base diet of earthworms, bloodworms, and high-quality sinking salmon pellets. Avoid mammal meat or live feeder fish, which can introduce parasites or cause fatty liver degeneration. Feed using tongs or place food directly in front of the animal.
Compatibility: Best housed individually or with same-sized individuals. Larger specimens will nip at or consume limbs, gills, or smaller tankmates. Never house them with sucking catfish (like Plecostomus), which will scrape the protective slime coat off the axolotl, leading to fatal infections.
Health and Common Diseases: Prone to fungal infections (Saprolegnia) on their gills if water temperatures rise too high. They are extremely sensitive to heavy metals (like copper or iron) in the water, which act as neurological toxins. Avoid handling, as their skin is delicate and highly permeable.
Geographic Origin and Distribution
Originally native to the high-altitude lake and canal system of the Valley of Mexico, primarily Lake Xochimilco. In the wild, they are critically endangered due to pollution, habitat loss, and invasive predators. They inhabited the dark, cold, muddy depths of these lakes, seeking refuge among dense aquatic vegetation.
Origin
Selective breeding and cultivarsCentral America and Caribbean
Amphibian profile
- Diet
- No verified data available
- Life expectancy
- No verified data available
- Adult size
- 30 cm
- Lifestyle/Microhabitat
- No verified data available
- Activity cycle
- No verified data available
- Sociality
- No verified data available
- Reproduction
- No verified data available
- Toxicity
- No verified data available
- Life stage
- No verified data available
- Handling tolerance
- No verified data available
- Brumation
- No verified data available
- Molting
- No verified data available
The catalog's scalar value is 30 cm. The AmphiBIO v1 source reports a maximum adult measurement of 30 cm for this species, recorded as total length (TL). These figures are not interchangeable: the first is the profile's editorial reference, whereas the second is a published maximum under a specific measurement convention; differences among sources can reflect sex, population, life stage and measuring method.
Image gallery
Licensed images linked to the species or, when marked, to the closest representative taxon.
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