Golden pencilfish
Nannostomus beckfordi
The most widespread and accessible pencilfish: slender, tapered body with a longitudinal black and red band on a golden-amber background — the appearance of a living pencil. Unique Nannostomus trait: the livery changes drastically at night, with dark vertical bars appearing in the dark and disappearing in light. A peaceful, unfussy swimmer that stays in the upper and middle zones with a characteristic oblique swimming posture. In schools of 6–8+ with floating plants and dim lighting, the golden color stands out magnificently. Lid: jumper.
Temperatura da água
22 - 28 °C
Valor de pH
5 - 7.5
Tipo de água
Água doce
Nível do tanque
Superfície e meio
Tamanho adulto
6 cm
Volume mínimo do tanque
>= 40 L
Grupo mínimo
>= 6
GH
1 - 15 dGH
KH
1 - 7 dKH
TDS
25 - 295 ppm
Condutividade
39 - 461 uS/cm
Descrição da espécie
Geographical Origin and Habitat: Very widespread in Guyana, Suriname and the Brazilian Amazon basin. Lives in flood zones, small secondary streams and swamps, in both clear and dark waters.
Taxonomy and Morphology: Golden Pencilfish (Nannostomus beckfordi). The classic Pencilfish. Hydrodynamic torpedo body, pointed snout and terminal mouth to hunt insects near the surface.
Social Behavior: Dynamic gregariousness (Shoaling). Unlike other timid species, beckfordi males spend 90% of the day dueling each other: they side up, spread their fins and turn black/red in spectacular non-lethal parades.
Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Changeable. Golden back, central black stripe. Males lit up by dominance/courtship develop the lower part of a vibrant ruby red and red and black fins. Females remain silvery with a clean stripe.
Cuidado, criação e companheiros de tanque
Aquarium Setup: Minimum 80 cm (32 inches) tank to let them duel. Dense floating vegetation is necessary to shield the lights and bring out the red/black contrast of the males. Branched woods to break the visual range between challengers.
Diet and Feeding: Surface micropredator. They highly appreciate fruit flies (Drosophila) thrown on the water, as well as floating or slow-sinking micro-granules and frozen bloodworms.
Water Quality: The hardiest of the Nannostomus. Adapts to very varied chemistries, forgiving pH tending to neutral and medium hardness, although an acidic environment immensely enhances their colors.
Compatibility and Cohabitation: Perfect community fish. Excellent with Dwarf Cichlids (Ramirezi, Apistogramma) as it stays in the middle-upper part of the tank acting as a dither fish without stealing the dens.
Aquarium Breeding: Simple for a Nannostomus. They scatter sticky eggs among fine-leaved plants (Cabomba or Myriophyllum). In very dense tanks, a few fry survive the ruthless predation of the parents themselves.
Risks and Diseases: Stress from incorrect sex ratio. If too many males and few females are inserted in a small tank, the stress of the constant duel will make the submissive males waste away. Optimal 1 male for every 3 females, or a very large school (15+).
Origem e distribuição geográfica
Very widespread in Guyana, Suriname and the Brazilian Amazon basin. Lives in flood zones, small secondary streams and swamps, in both clear and dark waters.
Origem
Amazônia, Orinoco e Guianas
Perfil de peixe
- Temperamento
- Territorial
- They are generally peaceful and active, constantly moving around the aquarium. Male sparring is frequent but usually harmless, consisting mostly of lateral displays. They are confident fish when kept in a proper school.
- Dieta
- Omnivore
- They are omnivorous micro-predators that accept a wide variety of small foods. High-quality crushed flakes, micro-pellets, and live or frozen daphnia are consumed. Providing a varied diet enhances the vibrant red and gold coloration.
- Expectativa de vida
- 3-5 years
- Tamanho adulto
- 6 cm
- Proporção sexual
- Specific M:F ratio
- Keeping a ratio of two or three females per male helps disperse aggression. Males will constantly spar and display for dominance in the tank. Having more females ensures that no single fish is overly harassed.
- Frequência de alimentação
- Twice daily
- Feeding them one to two times a day with small portions is sufficient. They feed aggressively but have small mouths, requiring appropriately sized food. Ensure they get enough food before faster tank mates consume it.
- Carga biológica
- Low
- The Golden Pencilfish produces a very low bioload ideal for community aquariums. Their small size and efficient digestion mean they contribute minimally to water pollution. A standard, well-maintained filter will easily keep their environment pristine.
- Fluxo
- Moderate
- They prefer moderate water flow that mimics their natural riverine habitats. Some surface agitation is appreciated, provided there are calm resting areas. Overly turbulent water should be avoided to prevent physical exhaustion.
- Risco de salto
- Yes
- Like many pencilfish, they are prone to jumping when frightened. A secure aquarium lid is highly recommended to prevent accidental losses. Floating plants can also help deter them from breaking the surface.
- Reprodução
- Oviparous
- They are relatively easy to breed, scattering eggs among fine-leaved plants. The parents exhibit no parental care and will actively hunt their own eggs. A dedicated breeding tank with egg-catching mesh is required for survival.
- Compatibilidade e companheiros de tanque
- Community
- They are peaceful community fish that mix well with tetras and corydoras. They should not be kept with large or aggressive species as tank mates. They do best when kept in schools of at least six individuals.
- Nível do tanque
- Top/Middle
- They are active in the upper and middle areas of the tank. They often hover at a slight angle, picking at microscopic food. They rarely feed from the bottom substrate during normal activity.
Modelos e parâmetros científicos
FishBase
Acesso aos dados científicos oficiais da espécie
FishBase v25.04Dados sincronizados em: 15/06/2026
- Nível trófico
- 3,3 ± 0,39 se
- Resiliência
- Média (1,4 - 4,4 anos)
- Unicidade filogenética (PD50)
- 0.5
- Relação bayesiana comprimento-peso
- a = 0.00646, b = 3.08
- VulnerabilidadeVulnerabilidade baixa (10 / 100)
Galeria de imagens
Imagens licenciadas vinculadas à espécie ou, quando marcadas, ao táxon representativo mais próximo.
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