Dwarf pencilfish
Nannostomus marginatus
The smallest of the pencilfish: at just 2.5–3 cm, it is a nano-jewel perfect for small planted aquariums. The body is crossed by three horizontal black bands interspersed with golden and red stripes — a refined graphic design in miniature. Like all Nannostomus, it displays the nocturnal livery change: spots and bars appear in the dark and disappear in light. Prefers soft, acidic water (pH down to 4.0 in nature). In schools of 8+ on dark substrate with floating plants, the effect is aquatic terrarium-grade.
Temperatura da água
24 - 28 °C
Valor de pH
5.5 - 7
Tipo de água
Água doce
Nível do tanque
Superfície e meio
Tamanho adulto
3,5 cm
Volume mínimo do tanque
>= 40 L
Grupo mínimo
>= 6
GH
1 - 10 dGH
KH
1 - 5 dKH
TDS
25 - 200 ppm
Condutividade
39 - 313 uS/cm
Descrição da espécie
Geographical Origin and Habitat: Lower/central Amazon and Orinoco Basin (Peru, Colombia, Brazil). Inhabits oxbow lakes, black ponds and marginal river zones with very slow flow, among roots and foliage.
Taxonomy and Morphology: Dwarf Pencilfish (Nannostomus marginatus). Extremely compact and stocky pencilfish (the shortest after the anduzei), 3-3.5 cm (1.2-1.4 inches) max, with a very convex profile.
Social Behavior: The most sociable and "lively" among the small pencilfish. Forms very close-knit groups, hides and darts quickly among the leaves (unlike the static species in suspension).
Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Trichromatic, three black stripes (dorsal, conspicuous central, abdominal) interspersed with gold bands. Distinctive element: the anal and dorsal fins have distinct red flashes edged with black. Males are brighter; at night they assume the typical oblique bands.
Cuidado, criação e companheiros de tanque
Aquarium Setup: 60 cm (24 inches) tank. Java moss, floating plants and rocks/woods are mandatory. If they do not perceive visual barriers in the tank they will stay at the bottom in the grip of terror (fading).
Diet and Feeding: Omnivores, but with a tiny mouth. Very inclined to also accept dry food (unlike the harrisoni or eques), as long as it is crumbled into powder. Excellent integration with microworms.
Water Quality: Tolerant and adaptable, they live well in amber or crystal clear water. They prefer ph 6-6.5 but tolerate neutral, making them excellent candidates for novices compared to other Nannostomus species.
Compatibility and Cohabitation: Perfect pacifists (Community nano-fish). Often used by great Aquascapers (Amano style) in dense planted tanks together with adult Caridina, Otocinclus, and Iriatherina (Threadfin Rainbowfish).
Aquarium Breeding: Possible in dedicated aquarium with a mop (green synthetic fiber). They lay 2-3 eggs daily. Immediately separate the breeders, avid devourers of their eggs.
Risks and Diseases: Parasite attacks from water stress (Velvet/Ich). If water changes are too infrequent and filter flow is excessive, the marginatus's immune system (being a "puddle" fish) will collapse rapidly.
Origem e distribuição geográfica
Lower/central Amazon and Orinoco Basin (Peru, Colombia, Brazil). Inhabits oxbow lakes, black ponds and marginal river zones with very slow flow, among roots and foliage.
Origem
Amazônia, Orinoco e Guianas
Perfil de peixe
- Temperamento
- Peaceful
- They are extremely peaceful, somewhat timid, and very charming to observe. In a properly scaped, calm environment, they are confident and constantly active. They are entirely harmless to all other tank inhabitants, including tiny shrimp.
- Dieta
- Micro-predator
- Their tiny mouths require specialized micro-foods to ensure proper nutrition. They readily consume infusoria, finely crushed premium flakes, and microworms. Supplementing with live baby brine shrimp helps enhance their beautiful stripes.
- Expectativa de vida
- 3-5 years
- Tamanho adulto
- 3.5 cm
- Proporção sexual
- School
- Keeping a mixed-sex school of at least eight individuals is highly recommended. Males are slightly more slender and exhibit brighter red markings on their fins. They will spar harmlessly, creating a fascinating and dynamic display in the tank.
- Frequência de alimentação
- Twice daily
- They should be fed minuscule amounts two to three times daily. Their short digestive tracts process food rapidly, necessitating frequent meals. Offering sinking micro-foods ensures they get to eat in the mid-water regions.
- Carga biológica
- Low
- The Dwarf Pencilfish is a tiny species that produces an exceptionally low bioload. They are perfect for nano tanks where water volume is limited. Even basic filtration easily manages the minuscule amount of waste they produce.
- Fluxo
- Strong
- They strongly prefer calm, gentle water flow resembling their native stagnant swamps. Overpowering filter outputs will exhaust them and cause them to hide constantly. Sponge filters are the preferred method of filtration for this delicate species.
- Risco de salto
- Yes
- Like other pencilfish, they are easily spooked and may attempt to jump out. A fully secure lid is mandatory to prevent any accidental fatalities. Dense floating plants can also serve as a natural barrier and reduce anxiety.
- Reprodução
- Oviparous
- Breeding them is challenging, requiring extremely soft, acidic water and low lighting. They deposit a small number of adhesive eggs among fine-leaved aquatic plants. The parents are notorious egg-eaters and must be separated from the eggs immediately.
- Compatibilidade e companheiros de tanque
- Community
- They are completely peaceful but easily intimidated by larger or highly active fish. Excellent companions include dwarf rasboras, small peaceful tetras, and Caridina shrimp. They must be kept with other micro-species to thrive and feed comfortably.
- Nível do tanque
- Top/Middle
- They generally hover in the middle levels of the aquarium, rarely visiting the extreme top. They love to navigate through dense thickets of plants in the mid-water column. Providing ample mid-level foliage gives them the security they desperately need.
Modelos e parâmetros científicos
FishBase
Acesso aos dados científicos oficiais da espécie
FishBase v25.04Dados sincronizados em: 15/06/2026
- Nível trófico
- 3,2 ± 0,4 se
- Unicidade filogenética (PD50)
- 0.5
- Relação bayesiana comprimento-peso
- a = 0.01023, b = 3.13
- VulnerabilidadeVulnerabilidade baixa (10 / 100)
Galeria de imagens
Imagens licenciadas vinculadas à espécie ou, quando marcadas, ao táxon representativo mais próximo.
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