Tonina sp. 'Belém'

Species description

Care, breeding and tankmates

Plant profile

Placement

Midground

This plant is best placed in the midground where its unique, star-like foliage can be appreciated. It must be planted in areas with completely unobstructed light, as shaded stems will quickly deteriorate. Grouping multiple stems closely together creates a striking visual impact.

Botanical form

Stem

It features a relatively thick stem surrounded by delicate, narrow leaves that arch downwards. Viewed from above, the crown resembles a perfect star or small umbrella. Its pale, fresh green color stands out significantly against darker plants.

Growth

Medium

Its growth rate is moderate when provided with optimal conditions, including high light and CO2. Under suboptimal conditions, growth will halt and the plant will rapidly decline. It grows straight upwards, forming a distinct umbrella-shaped top.

Substrate

High

Tonina sp. 'Belém' is a highly demanding species that absolutely requires a rich, active aquasoil to flourish. It develops a substantial root network that heavily relies on the substrate for iron and trace elements, making nutrient-depleted gravel unsuitable. A substrate depth of around 6 to 8 centimeters provides the necessary room for root expansion and stability. Due to its preference for very soft and acidic conditions, an unbuffered, pH-lowering soil is essential to maintain its distinctive, tightly clustered crown.

Column fertilization

Recommended

Regular water column fertilization is mandatory. It is highly responsive to liquid fertilizers containing ample trace elements, particularly iron. Without consistent fertilization, the growing tips will lose their vibrant color and become pale or translucent.

Root fertilization

Recommended

An acidic, nutrient-rich aquasoil is crucial for long-term health. The substrate helps buffer the pH down to the acidic levels this plant requires. Root tabs can provide a secondary nutrient source but cannot replace a high-quality soil.

Trimming

Occasional

To trim, cut the top off and replant it; the remaining base will often branch out and produce new shoots. Frequent trimming encourages a bushier appearance. Ensure the lower sections receive adequate light after trimming to prevent rot.

Propagation

Cuttings

Propagation is simple via stem cuttings. Snip the top section and replant it directly into the soil. The cuttings root quickly in an ideal environment.

Sensitivity

Moderate

Extremely sensitive to water parameters, it demands very soft, acidic water (pH under 6.5, low KH/GH). It will not tolerate hard water or fluctuating conditions. High light and CO2 are non-negotiable for its survival.

Layout role

Midground, group, accent

Its unique texture makes it a perfect focal point or accent plant in the midground. It contrasts beautifully with broad-leafed plants or red species. It is a prized specimen in Dutch aquascapes and South American biotope-inspired setups.