Rough Woodlouse (Porcellio scaber) (Dalmatian)

Geographical Origin and Habitat: Originally native to Europe, now widely established globally due to human activity. Inhabits temperate forests, gardens, and urban organic debris, sheltering under rotting logs, stones, and leaf litter to prevent dehydration.

Taxonomy and Genetics: Belonging to the family Porcellionidae (terrestrial crustaceans). *Porcellio scaber* is highly adaptable and cannot roll into a ball like the genus *Armadillidium*. The Dalmatian morph is a stable color variety characterized by a white base body speckled with irregular black spots.

Behavior and Habits: Strictly nocturnal and lucifugous. They are highly gregarious detritivores, often clustering in large numbers in damp, dark crevices. In bioactive setups, they actively consume organic debris, leaf litter, and mold.

Morphology: Features a flattened, oval body with a rough, tuberculated cuticle, reaching up to 1.8 cm. Males and females are externally similar, but adult females can be identified by the presence of a ventral brood pouch (marsupium) where they carry eggs and young.

Terrarium Setup: Can be easily cultured in a ventilated plastic box (minimum 5 liters). Substrate should consist of 5-10 cm of organic compost or coco fiber mixed with rotting wood and crushed leaves, topped with cork bark slabs for cover.

Lighting and Heating: Keep in a shaded or dark location. Maintain temperatures between 20°C and 25°C for optimal reproduction. They do not require any special lighting and should be kept away from direct sunlight.

Humidity and Hydration: As terrestrial crustaceans, they breathe through modified gills and require constant ambient moisture. Maintain a moisture gradient by keeping one side of the substrate damp while leaving the other side dry.

Feeding and Supplementation: Diet must consist primarily of decaying deciduous leaves (oak, beech) and rotting wood. Supplement twice a week with protein sources (fish flakes, dried shrimp) and fresh vegetables. Provide a constant source of calcium, such as cuttlebone, for exoskeleton development.

Compatibility: Safe and effective clean-up crew for many reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates. Avoid using them in enclosures housing tiny hatchlings or delicate eggs, as they may accidentally nibble on them in search of protein.

Health and Common Diseases: Vulnerable to desiccation if the enclosure dries out completely, and to drowning if the substrate becomes waterlogged. Ensure proper cross-ventilation to prevent stagnant air and mold overgrowth.