Parallel Corydoras
Hoplisoma parallelum
Extraordinary callichthyid decorated by two sharp and uninterrupted parallel black stripes running along the light body, surmounted by a bright orange nuchal spot.
Temperatura da água
22 - 26 °C
Valor de pH
6 - 7.2
Tipo de água
Água doce
Nível do tanque
Parte inferior
Tamanho adulto
5 cm
Volume mínimo do tanque
>= 80 L
Grupo mínimo
>= 6
GH
2 - 12 dGH
KH
1 - 8 dKH
TDS
40 - 260 ppm
Condutividade
63 - 406 uS/cm
Descrição da espécie
Geographical Origin and Habitat: Sumptuous endemism of the upper Rio Negro basin in Brazil. This Corydoras populates the "blackwater", waters with slow stretches and deeply stained by humic acids. The habitat is shady, carpeted by root tangles, fallen trunks, and constantly decaying foliage.
Taxonomy and Morphology: Beautiful Corydoras of the short-snouted morphological group (Callichthyidae). Barely touches a maximum of 5 cm (2 inches), presenting a rounded but solid body, protected by the robust standard lateral armor. Forms a perfect Müllerian mimicry with C. schwartzi.
Social Behavior: Quiet explorer of depths. Strongly bound to the school, which must count no less than 6 individuals. In small numbers, it remains paralyzed by fear; in a large swarm, it sifts the sand incessantly, hiding at the first external threats.
Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: Elegant unmistakable livery, pale-cream base shaken by two bright and thick black stripes, strictly parallel ("parallelus") along the flanks. Possesses a robust black orbital mask and dark dorsal. The abdominal roundness of females is markedly superior to the male.
Cuidado, criação e companheiros de tanque
Aquarium Setup: It is vital to set up with a bottom solely of fine-grained silica sand and twisted branches. Adding dry Catappa leaves on the bottom is essential to tint the water (tannins) and provide a sensation of a visual shield. Ensure low-light areas via floating flora.
Diet and Feeding: Digging omnivore with a protein predilection. Must be satiated by serving soft sinking granules after the lights go out (to elude greedy companions), accompanied, at least 3 times a week, by frozen white worms or bloodworms, of which it is very fond.
Water Quality: Amazonian species intolerant to nitrates. Demands an acidic-neutral pH, between 6.0 and 7.2. The water must be strictly soft (GH 2-12) to replicate its nature and maintained between 22 and 26°C (72-79°F). Careful partial siphonings of the bottom are recommended.
Compatibility and Cohabitation: Relates very well in South American layouts with peaceful "dither fish" tetras (Neons, Paracheirodon, Rummy nose) or very docile dwarf cichlids (Dicrossus). Massive, hyperactive tankmates or large cleaner fish (Plecostomus) are absolutely forbidden.
Aquarium Breeding: Occurs according to the complex T-position rite, enhanced and triggered by massive and drastic cold RO water changes. Highly sticky eggs are laid individually; promptly remove breeders and eggs in a separate small tank to save them.
Risks and Diseases: Bacterial infections and fungal necrosis of the delicate whiskers if crushed quartz (sharp gravel) is used as a bottom. Treat with extreme caution, halving the doses, in case of diseases requiring the use of Copper and Malachite Green.
Origem e distribuição geográfica
Sumptuous endemism of the upper Rio Negro basin in Brazil. This Corydoras populates the "blackwater", waters with slow stretches and deeply stained by humic acids. The habitat is shady, carpeted by root tangles, fallen trunks, and constantly decaying foliage.
Origem
Amazônia, Orinoco e Guianas
Perfil de peixe
- Temperamento
- Semi-aggressive
- The temperament of Hoplisoma parallelum is exceedingly peaceful and sociable, making them a favorite among community tank enthusiasts. They show absolutely no aggression towards other fish species and prefer to go about their daily foraging undisturbed. They are highly gregarious and derive comfort from the presence of their own kind, frequently resting and moving together as a unified group. Isolation can cause them immense stress, resulting in hiding and refusing to eat.
- Dieta
- Omnivore
- Hoplisoma parallelum are omnivorous bottom feeders that require a varied diet to thrive in captivity. A high-quality sinking pellet or wafer specifically formulated for bottom dwellers should form the staple of their daily meals. They also greatly benefit from regular offerings of live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, daphnia, and brine shrimp. It is important to ensure that food reaches the bottom before being consumed by mid-water fish so they do not go hungry.
- Expectativa de vida
- 5-8 years
- Tamanho adulto
- 5 cm
- Proporção sexual
- School
- A recommended sex ratio for Hoplisoma parallelum, especially if breeding is desired, is two or three males for every female. This mimics their natural breeding groups and increases the chances of successful fertilization of the eggs. In a standard display tank, exact ratios are less critical as long as they are kept in a sufficiently large shoal of six or more. Having more males ensures that the female is constantly courted during the breeding cycle.
- Frequência de alimentação
- Twice daily
- Feeding Hoplisoma parallelum one or two times a day is generally sufficient to maintain their health and vitality. Care should be taken to provide only what they can actively consume within three to five minutes to prevent water fouling. If kept in a community setup with aggressive surface feeders, it may be beneficial to feed them after lights out. Observing their belly fullness can help determine if the feeding frequency and amounts are appropriate.
- Carga biológica
- Low
- Hoplisoma parallelum produces a moderate bioload, making them excellent candidates for community tanks. Their efficient scavenging habits actually help maintain water quality by consuming uneaten food that would otherwise decay. Despite their modest size, a school of six or more does contribute somewhat to the tank's waste output. Regular water changes and adequate filtration are still necessary to keep the bioload manageable and nitrate levels low.
- Fluxo
- Stagnant
- This species prefers gentle to moderate water flow that mimics the slow-moving streams and tributaries of various South American river basins. Excessive flow can cause unnecessary stress and fatigue, as they are not built for constant swimming against strong currents. A well-placed sponge filter or a canister filter with a spray bar can provide the ideal balance of filtration and gentle water movement. Oxygenation remains important, so ensuring surface agitation without overpowering the bottom areas is key.
- Risco de salto
- Yes
- The jumping risk for Hoplisoma parallelum is exceptionally low, as they are primarily bottom-dwelling fish that spend most of their time foraging in the substrate. However, they do periodically dart to the surface to gulp air due to their modified intestine that acts as an accessory respiratory organ. During these quick ascents, an open tank could present a slight risk if they misjudge the distance. A standard aquarium lid is recommended to ensure they stay safely contained inside the tank.
- Reprodução
- Oviparous
- Breeding Hoplisoma parallelum can be achieved in a dedicated breeding setup with cool water changes used to trigger spawning behavior. The females are typically larger and more robust, scattering adhesive eggs onto broad-leaved plants, aquarium glass, or spawning mops. Once spawning is complete, the adult fish should be removed to prevent them from eating the eggs. The fry hatch after a few days and require very small live foods like microworms or freshly hatched brine shrimp.
- Compatibilidade e companheiros de tanque
- Community
- These peaceful catfish are highly compatible with a wide variety of community fish. They do exceptionally well with small tetras, rasboras, and dwarf cichlids that inhabit the middle and upper levels of the aquarium. Aggressive or large bottom-dwelling species should be avoided as they may bully the Hoplisoma parallelum or outcompete them for food. Keeping them in groups of at least six of their own kind is vital for their sense of security.
- Nível do tanque
- Bottom
- Hoplisoma parallelum are strictly bottom dwellers, spending almost the entirety of their day sifting through the substrate in search of food. They require a soft, sandy substrate to prevent damage to their delicate barbels, which are essential for sensing their environment. While they occasionally dart to the surface to take in a breath of atmospheric air, they immediately return to the bottom. Decor elements like caves, driftwood, and low-lying plants provide them with much-needed resting spots.
Modelos e parâmetros científicos
FishBase
Acesso aos dados científicos oficiais da espécie
FishBase v25.04Dados sincronizados em: 15/06/2026
- Nível trófico
- 3 ± 0,4 se
- Resiliência
- Alta (menos de 15 meses)
- Unicidade filogenética (PD50)
- 0.5
- Relação bayesiana comprimento-peso
- a = 0.00741, b = 3.14
- VulnerabilidadeVulnerabilidade baixa (10 / 100)
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