Almost 95% of commercially sold aquarium plants (in pots or in-vitro) are grown in hydroponic greenhouses in an emersed state. Emersed leaves are physically and structurally different from submersed ones: they possess a thick waxy cuticle to retain water and stomata open to the air. When the plant is suddenly submerged under water, these leaves become useless and unable to breathe or absorb dissolved nutrients. As a survival mechanism, the plant reabsorbs energy from the old leaves (causing them to melt) to desperately build new aquatic leaves adapted to the underwater environment.

Starting about 3-5 days after introduction to the tank, the original leaves begin to yellow, become translucent, and literally melt into the water. However, carefully observing the top of the plant or the crown will reveal the emergence of tiny new leaves, often of a completely different color, shape, and thickness than the rotting leaves.

Commercial emersed cultivation. This is not a pathological problem, but an absolutely natural, inevitable, and necessary physiological process. Melting is accentuated if the aquarium water is hard, CO2-poor, or dimly lit.

Be patient. Constantly remove melted or rotting leaves with scissors and a net to prevent them from polluting the water. Do not uproot the plant as long as the stem remains green and rigid! Abundant CO2 injection (30 ppm) during the first month dramatically accelerates the transition.

As a natural process, it cannot be entirely prevented when buying commercially grown emersed plants. The only way to avoid it is to buy trimmings from other hobbyists (which are already 100% in submersed form) or to provide maximum light and CO2 immediately upon planting to facilitate the metabolic switch.