Sulawesi Rabbit Snail

Geographical Origin and Habitat: Snails of the genus Tylomelania are endemic to the ancient lakes of Sulawesi, Indonesia, particularly the Malili lake system (Lake Towuti, Lake Matano) and Lake Poso. They inhabit shallow rocky and sandy shores characterized by warm, oxygen-rich, and alkaline waters.

Taxonomy: Belonging to the family Pachychilidae, these snails grow to 4-8 cm depending on the species. They feature a long, heavy, sculpted conical shell. Their muscular foot is wrinkled, and they have a distinct, elongated, trunk-like snout resembling a rabbit's face.

Social Behavior: Peaceful, curious, and active. They move across the substrate by pulling their heavy shells forward in a unique hitching motion. They do not bother fish or dwarf shrimp. They are diurnal but can be shy under high-intensity lighting.

Coloration and Sexual Dimorphism: The shell is dark brown or black. The body is highly striking, coming in bright yellow, orange, or black speckled with gold or white spots. They are gonochoric (separate sexes) but show no external sexual dimorphism. They are livebearers.

Tank Setup: A tank of at least 40-50 liters is recommended. A sandy substrate is highly recommended to protect their foot from injury. Provide smooth rocks and driftwoods. Avoid keeping delicate, soft-leaved plants as hungry rabbit snails will eat them.

Diet and Feeding: Voracious detritivores and herbivores. They feed on algae, biofilm, decaying organic matter, and leaf litter. Supplement their diet with blanched vegetables (zucchini, cucumber, spinach), algae wafers, and high-quality sinking pellets.

Water Quality: Requires specific warm, alkaline water: temperature 26-30°C (cannot tolerate cool water under 24°C), pH 7.5-8.5, GH 8-20, and KH 6-15. Keep ammonia and nitrites at zero. Copper-based medications are highly toxic.

Compatibility and Tankmates: Safe with peaceful fish that tolerate warm temperatures and Sulawesi dwarf shrimp (*Caridina dennerli*). Never house with snail-eating predators (e.g. puffers, loaches, Clea helena) or large, aggressive bottom fish.

Aquarium Breeding: Slow but achievable. They are viviparous (livebearers). The female releases a single, white egg capsule which dissolves within minutes to release a fully formed miniature snail. They will not overpopulate the tank.

Risks and Diseases: Temperature shock or metabolic slowdown if water temperatures drop below 24-25°C. Shell erosion and cracking in soft or acidic water due to lack of calcium. High sensitivity to copper and commercial treatments.